Tag: USD

Global Markets Look Beyond Trump’s Inauguration as Local Drivers Take the Lead

Global markets are buzzing in anticipation of Donald Trump’s inauguration on January 20, yet the latest developments suggest investors may already be looking past the immediate impact. Despite speculation surrounding Trump’s policies—particularly tariffs—various benchmarks and asset classes are charting their own directions based on localized drivers and monetary policy expectations.

In the US, the strong bounce in major stock indexes owes something to hopes of expansive fiscal stimulus under Trump. However, a significant portion of the rally can be traced to an improving inflation outlook and the view that Fed remains on track to further monetary easing. Additionally, the lack of significant concern over tariffs impacting inflation suggests that investors may not see Trump’s trade policies as an immediate threat to the US economy.

Meanwhile record-breaking runs in FTSE and DAX signal distinct optimism. UK investors are banking on additional BoE easing after disappointing GDP, retail sales, and CPI data highlighted ongoing struggles. Germany’s DAX is supported by ECB’s dovish leanings as well as hopes of a political turnaround after snap elections in Germany in February. Market enthusiasm for Europe clearly isn’t driven by any expectation of beneficial tariffs; rather, local factors are in control.

Japan, not a prime target of Trump’s tariff rhetoric, saw Nikkei weighed down by intensifying speculation about a looming Bank of Japan rate hike. This dynamic stands in sharp contrast to the overarching risk-on atmosphere elsewhere.

In the currency markets, Yen emerged as the strongest performer last week, propelled by bets on BoJ action. Australian and New Zealand dollars followed suit, aided by the broader risk-on mood. On the weaker side of the spectrum, Canadian Dollar was the worst-performing currency, finally something reflecting potential vulnerability to Trump’s trade policies as BoC may have underestimated the economic risks posed by tariffs. Sterling also underperformed while Dollar was similarly subdued. Euro and Swiss Franc ended the week in middle positions.

Risk Appetite Returns: DOW, S&P 500, NASDAQ End Week with Solid Gains

Risk-on sentiment returned to US equity markets this week, with all three major indexes posting strong gains. DOW surged 3.69% for the week, S&P 500 rose 2.91%, and NASDAQ climbed 2.45%. Technically, the robust rebound eased fears of an imminent bearish reversal, affirming that recent pullbacks were likely just corrections within a broader uptrend.

Market attention was drawn to Fed Governor Christopher Waller’s remarks at CNBC’s “Squawk on the Street”, interpreted by some as a dovish tilt. He expressed confidence that the inflationary stickiness seen in 2024 will begin to “dissipate” in 2025 and described himself as “more optimistic” about inflation than many of his Fed colleagues. Waller indicated the potential for three or four 25bps rate cuts this year, contingent on favorable inflation data.

However, it should emphasized that Waller also tempered this optimism with caution, acknowledging that “If the data doesn’t cooperate, then you’re going to be back to two, maybe even one”.

Waller left the door open for a rate cut in March, remarking that such a move “cannot be completely ruled out.” However, the message underlying was still consistent with market expectation that May or June might be more likely.

Overall, despite the dovish interpretation by some, Waller’s comments suggest a flexible, data-dependent approach rather than a clear commitment to easing. The comments also largely aligned with market pricing.

Nonetheless, inflation data for December did provide some relief. While, headline CPI rose from 2.7% to 2.9% yoy, core CPI edged down from 3.3% to 3.2%. This incremental progress reduces pressure on the Fed to maintain restrictive policy for an extended period. More importantly, that makes a return to tightening less likely.

Futures pricing didn’t change much over the week, reflecting a 97.9% chance that Fed will hold rates steady at 4.25–4.50% at the January meeting, with a 72.4% chance of another hold in March. The probability of a May rate cut stands at 44%, rising to 66% by June. By year-end, markets still project a 52.1% chance of just one rate cut, reducing rates to 4.00–4.25%.

Technically, DOW’s break of 55 D EMA (now at 43038.33) suggests that pullback from 45073.63 has completed at 41844.98 already. The medium term channel holds intact, as well as the up trend. Whether DOW is ready for another record run through 45073.63 would depend on the momentum of the next rise.

But even in case that corrective pattern from 45073.63 is going to extend with another falling leg, downside looks more likely than not to be contained by cluster support level at around 40k, with 39889.05 resistance turned support, and 38.2% retracement of 32327.20 to 45073.63 at 40204.49.

NASDAQ’s price actions from 20204.58 are also clearly corrective looking so far, with notable support from 18671.06 resistance turned support. With this support intact, larger up trend should resume through 20204.58 sooner rather than later.

Yields and Dollar Index Form Short-Term Top With Improved Risk Sentiment

Improved risk sentiment in US markets has triggered pullback in both 10-year Treasury yield and the Dollar Index, suggesting a temporary pause in their recent rally.

Technically, a short term top is likely in place at 4.809 in 10-year yield, considering that D MACD has crossed below signal line. More consolidations should follow in the near term below 4.809, with risk of deeper pull back to 55 D EMA (now at 4.434). But outlook will continue to stay bullish as long as 38.2% retracement of 3.603 to 4.809 at 4.348 holds. Another rally through 4.809 to retest 4.997 high is expected, though breaking the psychological 5% level may prove challenging without stronger momentum.

Dollar Index could have formed a short term top at 110.17 too, just ahead of 61.8% projection of 100.15 to 108.87 from 105.42 at 110.31, with D MACD crossed below signal line. Deeper retreat could be seen to 108.07 resistance turned support, or even further to 55 D EMA (now at 107.15). But near term outlook will stay bullish as long as 38.2% retracement of 100.15 to 110.17 at 106.34 holds. Firm break of 110.17 will resume the rally to 100% projection at 113.34.

FTSE and DAX Surge to Record Highs

Risk-on sentiment was also evident in the European equity markets, with FTSE 100 and DAX surged to new record highs. The optimism was fueled by expectations of rate cuts, positive economic projections, and hopes for political stability.

In the UK, a trio of softer economic data—GDP, retail sales, and CPI—reinforced market expectations for BoE easing. Markets now anticipate more than 75 basis points of rate cuts throughout 2025, compared to just 50 basis points priced in the prior week. A 25bps rate cut in February is now universally expected.

Supporting this sentiment, IMF upgraded its UK growth forecast for 2025 by 0.1 percentage points to 1.6%, making the UK the third-fastest-growing G7 economy after the US and Canada. IMF attributed this optimism to increased government investment, improved household finances, and anticipated rate cuts.

That’s a strong nod to the Labour government despite wide criticism on its Autumn Budget. Meanwhile, IMF also projects BoE’s headline rate to fall from 4.75% to 3.75% by year-end.

Technically, FTSE’s break of 8474.41 confirmed that triangle consolidation from there has completed at 8002.34, and larger up trend has resumed. Next target is 61.8% projection of 7404.08 to 8474.41 from 8002.34 at 8663.80.

In Germany, DAX surged to new record on improving risk appetite and expectations of continued ECB easing.

ECB’s December meeting minutes leaned towards the dovish side, and revealed discussions about a more aggressive 50-basis-point cut. The central bank ultimately favored a measured approach, with consensus on a more controlled pace of easing, to allow for checkpoints to confirm that disinflation remains on track.

While IMF downgraded its 2025 growth forecasts for Germany and France, the outlook still points to modest recovery. Germany, previously expected to grow by 0.8%, is now forecasted to expand by just 0.3%, marking a slow rebound from two years of contraction. France’s growth forecast was also reduced by 0.3 percentage points to 0.8%. The positive side of the forecasts is that both economies are expected to regain some footing this year.

It should also be noted that markets are probably pricing in a degree of optimism around the February 23 snap elections, which could lead to greater political stability and more consistent economic policies in Germany.

Technically, DAX should now be on track to 100% projection of 14630.21 to 18892.92 from 17024.82 at 21287.52 next.

Nikkei Weighed by BoJ Hike Risks, SSE Struggles to Rebound

Investor sentiment in Asia, however, was much less optimistic, with Japan facing headwinds from growing expectations of Bank of Japan policy normalization, while China’s economic recovery struggles to inspire confidence amid external pressures.

In Japan, speculation over a rate hike at the upcoming January 23–24 BoJ meeting has intensified. Governor Kazuo Ueda and Deputy Governor Ryozo Himino have repeatedly hinted at the possibility of policy tightening, with analysts interpreting their comments as preparation for market adjustments.

Additionally, reports suggest BoJ is likely to raise its inflation forecasts in its quarterly outlook, highlighting upside risks fueled by the persistently weak Yen and elevated import costs. Internally, BoJ policymakers believe that stabilizing inflation expectations around the 2% target could allow short-term rates to rise as high as 1% without hindering economic growth.

Traders are pricing in an 80% chance of a rate hike from 0.25% to 0.50%.

Nikkei weakened for the week on expectations of BoJ’s normalization move, but stayed above 37651.07 support.

Outlook is unchanged that price action from 42426.77 are developing in to a medium term three wave consolidation pattern, with rebound from 31156.11 as the second leg.

For now, another rally cannot be ruled out, but strong resistance should emerge below 42426.77 to limit upside. Firm of 37651.07 support will in turn indicate that the third leg has likely commenced, and bring deeper fall to 35253.43 support and below

In China, Shanghai SSE Composite struggled to generate meaningful gains other than a mild recovery.

China’seconomy grew 5.4% yoy in Q4, lifting full-year GDP growth to 5.0%, matching the government’s target.Meanwhile, market rumors suggest Beijing is hesitant to use Yuan depreciation as a tool to counter tariffs from a second Trump presidency. Analysts believe sharp currency depreciation, as seen during Trump’s first term, could harm the struggling economy more than it would help.

However, market confidence remains subdued, and the stock market recovery appeared technical rather than driven by fundamentals.

SSE found support at the 50% retracement level of 2,635.09 to 3,674.40 at 3154.74, but remained capped below 55 D EMA (now at 3279.16).

Risk remains on the downside for the near term for SSE. Break of 3140.90 will extend the corrective fall from 3674.40 to 61.8% retracement at 3032.11. Nevertheless, sustained break above the 55 D EMA will indicate that stronger near term rebound is underway back towards 3494.86 resistance.

USD/CAD Weekly Outlook

USD/CAD’s late break of 1.4466 resistance confirms larger up trend resumption. Initial bias is back on the upside this week for 1.4667/89 long term resistance zone. For now, outlook will stay bullish as long as 1.4302 support holds, in case of retreat.

In the bigger picture, up trend from 1.2005 (2021) is in progress for retesting 1.4667/89 key resistance zone (2020/2015 highs). Decisive break there will confirm long term up trend resumption. Next target is 100% projection of 1.2401 to 1.3976 from 1.3418 at 1.4993. Medium term outlook will remain bullish as long as 1.3976 resistance turned holds (2022 high), even in case of deep pullback.

In the longer term picture, price actions from 1.4689 (2016 high) are seen as a consolidation pattern, which might have completed at 1.2005. That is, up trend from 0.9506 (2007 low) is expected to resume at a later stage. This will remain the favored case as long as 1.3418 support holds.

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January 18, 2025

Commodity Currencies Slide as Markets Brace for Trump’s Tariff Moves

Sharp selloff in commodity currencies against Dollar is dominating market action as the US session unfolds. While broader trading remains subdued, the sudden weakness in these currencies appears tied to trader caution ahead of President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration on Monday. Concerns over tariff policies could be the main driver of the moves, in the absence of other clear fundamental catalysts.

Canada, Mexico, and China are widely speculated to be high on Trump’s tariff agenda. The tariffs may serve as leverage to address issues like fentanyl exports or re-exports impacting the United States.

However, the specifics of Trump’s strategy remain a “wild card.” Possible scenarios include blanket tariffs on major trading partners, sector-specific measures, immediate enactment via executive orders, or staggered monthly increases. Or, it could be a mix of these approaches.

For the week, Sterling remains the weakest performer, followed by Loonie and Dollar. On the other hand, Japanese Yen leads gains with the Aussie and Swiss Franc rounding out the top three. Kiwi and Euro are trading in mixed positions. However, the current selling pressure on commodity currencies could alter these rankings as the week comes to the close.

ECB’s Nagel: Should avoid rushing monetary policy normalization

German ECB Governing Council member Joachim Nagel in an interview with Platow Brief, highlighted persistent services inflation and a “high level of uncertainty,” referencing concerns about global trade dynamics as Donald Trump prepares to return to the White House next week.

“We should therefore not rush into anything on the path to monetary policy normalization,” Nagel stated.

Meanwhile, he defended the ECB’s discussions of a more aggressive 50-basis-point rate cut during its December meeting, noting that such debates are a normal part of policy deliberations.

ECB’s Elderson: Rate setting is a question of speed and magnitude

ECB Executive Board member Frank Elderson emphasized the delicate balance the central bank must strike in setting interest rates during an interview with Het Financieele Dagblad.

He warned, “If we lower the interest rate too quickly, dialling down services inflation sufficiently could become complicated.” At the same time, he acknowledged the risks of maintaining rates too high for too long, which could lead to undershooting ECB’s inflation target.

“The markets don’t think we’ve finished easing now that we’re at 3% and I don’t think we have, either,” he added. “Setting interest rates is ultimately a question of how fast and how much.”

Eurozone CPI finalized at 2.4% in Dec, core CPI at 2.7%

Eurozone inflation was finalized at to 2.4% yoy in December, up from November’s 2.2% yoy. Core CPI, which excludes energy, food, alcohol, and tobacco, held steady at 2.7% yoy. Services made the largest contribution to the annual headline inflation rate (+1.78 percentage points), followed by food, alcohol, and tobacco (+0.51 pp), non-energy industrial goods (+0.13 pp), and energy (+0.01 pp).

In the broader EU, inflation was finalized at 2.7% yoy, up from 2.5% yoy in November. Ireland recorded the lowest annual inflation rate at 1.0%, followed by Italy at 1.4%, with Luxembourg, Finland, and Sweden at 1.6% each. On the other end, Romania (5.5%), Hungary (4.8%), and Croatia (4.5%) posted the highest inflation rates.

Across the EU, annual inflation rose in 19 member states, remained unchanged in one, and fell in seven compared to the previous month.

UK retail sales fall -0.3% mom in Dec, down -0.8% qoq in Q4

UK retail sales volumes declined by -0.3% mom in December, significantly missing expectations for 0.4% mom increase. The drop was primarily driven by reduced supermarket sales, partially offset by a rebound in non-food stores such as clothing retailers, which saw recovery after recent declines.

On a quarterly basis, sales volumes in Q4 fell -0.8% qoq compared with Q3, highlighting a slowdown in consumer activity. However, year-on-year, Q4 sales volumes rose 1.9% compared to the same period in 2023.

China’s Q4 GDP growth surpasses expectations, full-year growth hits 5% target

China’s economy ended 2024 on a strong note, with GDP expanding by 5.4% yoy in Q4, beating market expectations of 5.0%. This marked a significant acceleration from 4.6% in Q3, 4.7% in Q2, and 5.3% in Q1. The robust Q4 performance pushed full-year GDP growth to 5.0%, aligning with the government’s target of “around 5%.”

December’s economic indicators also showed positive momentum. Industrial production surged 6.2% yoy, exceeding the forecast of 5.4%. Retail sales grew by 3.7% yoy, marginally beating expectations of 3.5%. However, fixed asset investment lagged, rising only 3.2% year-to-date, just below the 3.3% forecast.

Despite the upbeat data, concerns remain. Statistics Bureau spokesperson Fu Linghui acknowledged lingering weakness in consumer spending and cautioned that in 2025, the “unfavorable impact of external factors may deepen.”

BNZ PMI at 45.9: NZ manufacturing completes 2024 fully in contraction

New Zealand’s BNZ Performance of Manufacturing Index rose marginally in December, increasing from 45.2 to 45.9. While this marks a slight improvement, the sector remains in a prolonged contraction, far below the long-term average of 52.5 since the survey’s inception. December also marked the 22nd consecutive month of contraction, a record-breaking trend for the PMI.

Catherine Beard, Director of Advocacy at BusinessNZ, noted that 2024 was unprecedented, as it was the first year in the survey’s history with all 12 months in contraction. By comparison, the next closest period was 2008 during the Global Financial Crisis, which saw nine months of contraction.

Breaking down the December data, production dropped further, slipping from 42.3 to 41.9. Employment showed modest improvement, rising from 46.9 to 47.6, while new orders also edged up from 44.5 to 46.5. However, finished stocks fell significantly, declining from 49.2 to 45.9, and deliveries dipped slightly below the neutral 50 mark, moving from 50.0 to 49.8.

USD/CAD Mid-Day Outlook

Daily Pivots: (S1) 1.4336; (P) 1.4370; (R1) 1.4427; More…

Immediate focus is now on 1.4466 resistance with current strong rally ins USD/CAD. Decisive break there will resume larger up trend to 1.4667/89 long term resistance zone. On the downside, break of 1.4279 support will bring deeper correction. But downside should be contained by 55 D EMA (now at 1.4187) to bring rebound.

In the bigger picture, up trend from 1.2005 (2021) is in progress for retesting 1.4667/89 key resistance zone (2020/2015 highs). Medium term outlook will remain bullish as long as 1.3976 resistance turned holds (2022 high), even in case of deep pullback.

Economic Indicators Update

GMT	CCY	EVENTS	ACT	F/C	PP	REV
21:30	NZD	Business NZ PMI Dec	45.9		45.5
02:00	CNY	GDP Y/Y Q4	5.40%	5.00%	4.60%
02:00	CNY	Industrial Production Y/Y Dec	6.20%	5.40%	5.40%
02:00	CNY	Retail Sales Y/Y Dec	3.70%	3.50%	3.00%
02:00	CNY	Fixed Asset Investment (YTD) Y/Y Dec	3.20%	3.30%	3.30%
07:00	GBP	Retail Sales M/M Dec	-0.30%	0.40%	0.20%	0.10%
09:00	EUR	Current Account (EUR) Nov	27.0B	28.0B	25.8B	30.2B
10:00	EUR	Eurozone CPI Y/Y Dec F	2.40%	2.40%	2.40%
10:00	EUR	Eurozone CPI Core Y/Y Dec F	2.70%	2.70%	2.70%
13:30	USD	Building Permits Dec	1.48M	1.46M	1.49M
13:30	USD	Housing Starts Dec	1.50M	1.32M	1.29M
14:15	USD	Industrial Production M/M Dec	0.90%	0.30%	-0.10%	0.20%
14:15	USD	Capacity Utilization Dec	77.60%	77.10%	76.80%	77.00%

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January 17, 2025

Cautious Trade Dominates as Dollar Holds Steady, Yen Leads, Gold Jumps

Activity in the forex markets has turned relatively subdued today, with no clear trend emerging as traders shift into a cautious stance. With no top-tier economic data scheduled for the rest of the week, attention is turning to the impending inauguration of US President-elect Donald Trump next Monday. The spotlight is squarely on his anticipated tariff policies, which could have profound implications for global trade and economic stability.

Yen holds its position as the strongest currency of the day, buoyed by increasing speculation of a potential rate hike from the Bank of Japan at its meeting next week. BoJ Governor Kazuo Ueda’s consistent messaging has reinforced market expectations, with traders pricing in a higher likelihood of policy tightening.

Swiss Franc ranks second best, benefiting from decline in European benchmark yields. Dollar is the third-best performer, continuing to consolidate against its peers. The greenback’s movements were unaffected by slightly worse-than-expected US jobless claims and retail sales data.

On the downside, New Zealand Dollar has overtaken Sterling as the weakest currency of the day. Pound remains under pressure following disappointing GDP data but has not faced aggressive selling. Meanwhile, Australian Dollar is the third weakest, while Euro and Canadian Dollar trade in mixed fashion.

Technically, Gold’s rally this week suggests that choppy rebound from 2536.67 is actually still in progress. Further rise is now in favor through 2725.95 resistance in the near term. However, this rise is seen as the second leg of the corrective pattern from 2789.92. Hence, upside should be below this high. Break of 55 D EMA (now at 2643.87) will argue that the third leg has started to 2536.67 support and below.

US initial jobless claims falls to 217k vs exp 210k

US initial jobless claims rose 14k to 217k in the week ending January 11, above expectation of 210k. Four-week moving average of initial claims fell -750 to 213k.

Continuing claims fell -18k to 1859k in the week ending January 4. Four-week moving average of continuing claims fell -1k to 1867k.

US retail sales rise 0.4% mom in Dec, ex-auto sales up 0.4% mom

US retail sales rose 0.4% mom to USD 729.2B in December, below expectation of 0.5% mom. Ex-auto sales rose 0.4% mom to USD 586.3B, below expectation of 0.5% mom. Ex-gasoline sales rose 0.4% mom to USD 676.8B. Ex-auto & gasoline sales rose 0.4% mom to USD 533.9B.

Total sales for the October through December period were up 3.7% from the same period a year ago.

ECB Minutes: Gradual easing essential to monitor disinflation check points

ECB’s December 11–12 meeting minutes noted that while the 25 bps rate cut decided at the meeting was widely supported, some members argued for a more aggressive 50 bps reduction.

Some policymakers contended that a larger rate cut would have better addressed Eurozone’s weakening economic projections, with one noting that “successive projection exercises have shown increasing downside risks to growth.”

However, the majority concurred that a smaller, measured cut aligned with the “controlled pace of easing” and provided a “sense of the direction” of the path of interest rates.

The minutes emphasize while projections were conditional on a further rate cut in January, the meeting underscored that “data dependency precluded any foregone conclusions.”

The minutes also stated that the “measured pace of interest rate cuts” was essential to ensure that ECB could “pass critical checkpoints to verify disinflation remains on track.” Furthermore, it was highlighted that optionality must be preserved to address risks that could derail inflation stabilization, including geopolitical tensions, global trade disruptions, and energy price volatility.

Nevertheless, “if the baseline projection for inflation is confirmed over the next few months and quarters,” the minutes noted, a “gradual dialing back of policy restrictiveness” would be appropriate.

Eurozone goods exports fall -1.6% yoy in Nov, imports down -1.0% yoy

Eurozone goods exports fell -1.6% yoy to EUR 248.3B in November. Good imports fell -1.0% yoy to EUR 231.9B. Trade balanced showed a EUR 16.4B surplus. Intra-Eurozone trade fell -7.0% yoy to EUR 214.8B.

In seasonally adjusted term, goods exports rose 3.2% mom to EUR 240.6B.Goods imports rose 0.7% mom to EUR 227.8B. Trade balance widened from October’s EUR 7.0B to EUR 12.9B, larger than expectation of EUR 7.2B. Intra-Eurozone trade fell -1.7% mom to EUR 210.4B.

UK GDP grows only 0.1% mom in Nov, with mixed sector performance

UK’s economy posted modest growth in November, with GDP increasing by 0.1% mom, but slightly missing market expectations of 0.2%. Nevertheless, this marked a positive turnaround from the -0.1% mom contraction in October.

Sectoral performance was mixed, with services, the largest contributor to the economy, inching up by 0.1% mom, while production fell by -0.4% mom. Construction activity, however, provided a brighter spot, rising 0.4% mom during the month.

Despite November’s modest gains, the broader economic picture remains subdued. Over the three months to November 2024, real GDP showed no growth compared to the three months to August. Services, which account for a significant portion of the UK’s output, stagnated over this period. Production output contracted by -0.7%, offsetting the 0.2% growth seen in construction.

BoJ’s Ueda reiterates rate hike debate for next week’s policy meeting

BoJ Governor Kazuo Ueda indicated today, for the second time this week, that the central bank will “debate whether to raise interest rates” at its upcoming January 23-24 policy meeting. This marks the second time in this week that Ueda has emphasized

Ueda’s comments come as BoJ prepares its new quarterly economic report, which will serve as the basis for its policy decision. While the Governor has not committed to a specific outcome, the repeated message signals that a rate hike is a plausible scenario, barring any significant market shocks tied to the January 20 inauguration of U.S. President-elect Donald Trump.

Market sentiment, nevertheless, remains divided on the timing of the anticipated hike. A recent poll conducted between January 8-15 shows that 59 out of 61 economists expect BoJ to raise rates to 0.50% by the end of March. Yet, only 20 foresee the move occurring at this month’s meeting.

Japan’s PPI holds steady at 3.8% as import prices turn positive

Japan’s PPI held steady at 3.8% yoy in December, meeting market expectations and maintaining the previous month’s pace. Key drivers included a sharp 31.8% yoy rise in agricultural goods prices, fueled by soaring rice costs.

Energy costs also contributed significantly, with electric power, gas, and water prices climbing 12.9% year-on-year. This uptick comes as the government phases out subsidies designed to mitigate rising utility and gasoline prices.

Yen-based import prices turned positive, rising 1.0% yoy after three months of declines. While modest, this reversal underscores the lingering effects of Yen depreciation, which was recorded at -0.1% mom.

Australia’s employment grows 56.3k in Dec, showing continuous resilience

Australia’s labor market displayed resilience in December as employment surged by 56.3k, significantly exceeding expectations of a 15.0k increase. Number of unemployed people also rose by 10.3k, contributing to a slight uptick in the unemployment rate from 3.9% to 4.0%, in line with forecasts.

Participation rate climbed to a record high of 67.1%, up from 67.0%, reflecting an expanding labor force. Additionally, employment-to-population ratio rose by 0.1 percentage point to a new peak of 64.5%, showcasing the labor market’s capacity to absorb more workers. Monthly hours worked increased by 0.5% mom, equivalent to 10 million additional hours.

This data supports the view that the labor market’s earlier signs of easing have stabilized in the second half of 2024. Robust employment growth, consistent levels of average hours worked, and unchanged or lower levels of labor underutilization compared to a year ago affirm the ongoing strength of the job market.

EUR/USD Mid-Day Outlook

Daily Pivots: (S1) 1.0248; (P) 1.0302; (R1) 1.0344; More…

EUR/USD is still engaged in consolidations above 1.0176 and intraday bias stays neutral. With 1.0435 resistance intact, outlook remains bearish and further decline is expected. On the downside, break of 1.0176 will resume the fall from 1.1213 and target 61.8% projection of 1.1213 to 1.0330 from 1.0629 at 1.0083. However, considering bullish convergence condition in 4H MACD, firm break of 1.0435 will confirm short term bottoming, and turn bias back to the upside for stronger rebound.

In the bigger picture, fall from 1.1274 (2023 high) should either be the second leg of the corrective pattern from 0.9534 (2022 low), or another down leg of the long term down trend. In both cases, sustained break of 61.8 retracement of 0.9534 to 1.1274 at 1.0199 will pave the way back to 0.9534. For now, outlook will stay bearish as long as 1.0629 resistance holds, even in case of strong rebound.

Economic Indicators Update

GMT	CCY	EVENTS	ACT	F/C	PP	REV
23:50	JPY	PPI Y/Y Dec	3.80%	3.80%	3.70%	3.80%
00:00	AUD	Consumer Inflation Expectations Jan	4.00%		4.20%
00:01	GBP	RICS Housing Price Balance Dec	28%	28%	25%
00:30	AUD	Employment Change Dec	56.3K	15.0K	35.6K	28.2K
00:30	AUD	Unemployment Rate Dec	4.00%	4.00%	3.90%
07:00	EUR	Germany CPI M/M Dec F	0.50%	0.40%	0.40%
07:00	EUR	Germany CPI Y/Y Dec F	2.60%	2.60%	2.60%
07:00	GBP	GDP M/M Nov	0.10%	0.20%	-0.10%
07:00	GBP	Industrial Production M/M Nov	-0.40%	0.10%	-0.60%
07:00	GBP	Industrial Production Y/Y Nov	-1.80%	-1.00%	-0.70%
07:00	GBP	Manufacturing Production M/M Nov	-0.30%	0.20%	-0.60%
07:00	GBP	Manufacturing Production Y/Y Nov	-1.20%	-0.30%	0.00%
07:00	GBP	Goods Trade Balance (GBP) Nov	-19.3B	-18.0B	-19.0B	-19.3B
10:00	EUR	Eurozone Trade Balance (EUR) Nov	12.9B	7.2B	6.1B	7.0B
12:30	EUR	ECB Meeting Accounts
13:15	CAD	Housing Starts Y/Y Dec	231K	250K	262K	267K
13:30	USD	Initial Jobless Claims (Jan 10)	217K	210K	201K	203K
13:30	USD	Retail Sales M/M Dec	0.40%	0.50%	0.70%	0.80%
13:30	USD	Retail Sales ex Autos M/M Dec	0.40%	0.50%	0.20%
13:30	USD	Import Price Index M/M Dec	0.10%	-0.10%	0.10%
13:30	USD	Philadelphia Fed Manufacturing Jan	44.3	-8.5	-16.4
15:00	USD	NAHB Housing Market Index Jan		47	46
15:00	USD	Business Inventories Nov		0.10%	0.10%
15:30	USD	Natural Gas Storage		-260B	-40B

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January 16, 2025

Dollar Weakens on Core Inflation Relief, But Bullish Bias Holds

Dollar extended its near-term pullback in early trading after core inflation data for December came in slightly below expectations, offering a degree of relief to traders and investors. Treasury yields also retreated, with the 10-year yield falling back below the 4.7% mark.

Core CPI rose by 3.2% yoy, down from 3.3%, a result that eased fears of renewed inflationary pressures forcing Fed’s hand back into tightening. While core inflation remains clearly elevated, the data at least suggests that pressures are not intensifying enough to alter Fed’s loosening bias, with pauses in between moves.

Fed fund futures now show 97.3% chance of a hold at the January FOMC meeting, a decision that appears still firmly priced in. Meanwhile, the odds of a rate cut in May have rebounded to 49%, up from 36% the previous day. June remains the most likely timing for a rate cut, with markets assigning nearly 70% probability. This aligns with expectations that Fed might deliver only one rate reduction in 2025.

In forex markets, Dollar is the worst performer of the day so far. Canadian Dollar and Swiss Franc also rank among the weaker currencies. On the other hand, Japanese Yen is leading gains, bolstered by comments from BoJ officials that have reintroduced the possibility of a rate hike at the January meeting. Australian Dollar and New Zealand Dollar also posted solid gains, supported by improved risk sentiment. Euro and Sterling are trading with mixed momentum in middle positions.

From a technical perspective, while the Dollar’s pullback has extended, it remains above key support levels against major counterparts. EUR/USD is capped below 1.0435 resistance, GBP/USD below 1.2486, AUD/USD below 0.6301, and USD/CHF above 0.9007 support. As long as these levels hold, the Dollar’s broader bullish trend remains intact, and the current movement is viewed as a consolidation phase rather than a reversal.

US CPI jumps to 2.9% in Dec, core ticks down to 3.2%

US CPI rose by 0.4% mom in December, surpassing expectations of 0.3% mom and marking an acceleration from the prior month’s 0.3% mom increase. Meanwhile, core CPI, which excludes the more volatile food and energy components, rose by a more subdued 0.2% mom, in line with market expectations but down from the 0.3% mom recorded in November.

Energy prices were the primary driver, rising 2.6% mom on the month and accounting for over 40% of the headline increase. Food prices also contributed to inflationary pressure, advancing by 0.3% mom.

On an annual basis, headline inflation climbed to 2.9% yoy, meeting consensus forecasts and up from November’s 2.7% yoy. Core inflation, however, slowed to 3.2% yoy, slightly below expectations of 3.3% yoy, indicating some easing in underlying price pressures. Notably, energy prices declined by -0.5% yoy, while food prices remained elevated at 2.5% yoy.

Eurozone industrial production rises 0.2% mom in Nov, EU up 0.1% mom

Eurozone industrial production edged up by 0.2% mom in November, falling short of 0.3% mom consensus forecast. While the overall increase suggests resilience in the industrial sector, the performance was uneven across categories. Production rose by 1.5% for durable consumer goods and 1.1% for energy, highlighting strong demand in these areas. Intermediate and capital goods also posted gains of 0.5% each, while non-durable consumer goods saw a marginal uptick of 0.1%.

Across the broader EU, industrial production grew by just 0.1% on the month. The highest monthly increases were recorded in Belgium (+8.7%), Malta (+7.1%) and Lithuania (+4.3%). The largest decreases were observed in Ireland (-5.8%), Luxembourg (-3.9%) and Portugal (-3.4%).

ECB’s Guindos and Villeroy affirm progress on disinflation

ECB Vice President Luis de Guindos highlighted today that disinflation in the Eurozone is “well on track,” reinforcing optimism about the region’s progress toward price stability. While December’s inflation rose to 2.4%, Guindos noted that this increase was anticipated and aligned with ECB’s projections. Domestic inflation remains elevated, but recent easing signals have provided some relief.

Guindos cautioned, however, that risks remain high. “The high level of uncertainty calls for prudence,” he said, referencing global trade frictions that could fragment the global economy further. He also warned about the fiscal policy challenges to weigh on borrowing costs and renewed geopolitical tensions to destabilize energy markets.

Despite weak near-term economic outlook, Guindos expressed cautious optimism, stating, “The conditions are in place for growth to strengthen over the projection horizon, although less than was forecast in previous rounds.”

Meanwhile, French ECB Governing Council member François Villeroy de Galhau echoed a positive sentiment, emphasizing progress against inflation.

“We have practically won the battle against inflation,” he said, projecting that it “makes sense for interest rates to reach 2% by the summer.” However, Villeroy also highlighted risks to France’s 2025 growth forecast of 0.9%, acknowledging that while downside risks persist, a recession remains unlikely.

ECB’s Lane expects service inflation to ease

ECB Chief Economist Philip Lane noted during an event today that services inflation will “come down quite a bit” in the coming months. He attributed much of the anticipated moderation to a slowdown in wage growth. Additionally, firms are reportedly experiencing reduced cost pressures, which should also contribute to easing price increases.

Lane highlighted the challenges of providing a definitive future path for interest rates, citing significant uncertainties in the global economic environment, including escalating trade tensions.

“From our point of view, saying here’s where we think the future rate path is going to be conveys a sense of certainty that we don’t feel,” Lane said, reinforcing the ECB’s cautious stance.

On the topic of exchange rates and their influence on prices, Lane pointed out that while movements in the euro-dollar exchange rate can impact European prices over time, the short-term relationship is less predictable. He noted that in the early stages of a significant currency shift, much of the impact is “absorbed by firms.

“The exchange rate, I think, over time plays a role,” Lane said. “But in terms of the month-by-month, quarter-by-quarter correlation between the exchange rate and import prices is not that stable.”

UK CPI slows to 2.5% in Dec, services inflation down to 4.4%

UK CPI slowed from 2.6% yoy to 2.5% yoy in December, below expectation of 2.7% yoy. Core CPI slowed from 3.5% yoy to 3.2% yoy, below expectation of 3.4% yoy.

CPI goods annual rate rose from 0.4% yoy to 0.7% yoy, while CPI services annual rate fell from 5.0% yoy to 4.4% yoy.

On a monthly basis, CPI rose by 0.3% mom, below expectation of 0.4% mom.

BoJ’s Ueda signals rate hike on the table next week

BoJ Governor Kazuo Ueda today provided further hints that the central bank may be considering a rate hike at its upcoming policy meeting.

Ueda noted, “We are currently analyzing data thoroughly and will compile the findings in our quarterly outlook report. Based on that, we will discuss whether to raise interest rates at next week’s policy meeting and would like to reach a decision.”

Ueda emphasized the significance of Japan’s wage outlook, which has recently been a key focus for policymakers. He pointed to encouraging signals from wage negotiations, which could bolster consumer spending and support BoJ’s inflation target.

Additionally, Ueda remarked that the economic policies of the incoming US administration, coupled with domestic wage trends, would play a pivotal role in determining the timing of any rate adjustment.

The governor’s remarks align closely with those of BoJ Deputy Governor Ryozo Himino, who earlier this week suggested that a rate hike was on the table.

EUR/USD Mid-Day Outlook

Daily Pivots: (S1) 1.0261; (P) 1.0286; (R1) 1.0333; More…

EUR/USD’s recovery from 1.0176 extends higher today but stays below 1.0435 resistance. Intraday bias remains neutral while further decline is still expected. On the downside, break of 1.0176 will resume the fall from 1.1213 and target 61.8% projection of 1.1213 to 1.0330 from 1.0629 at 1.0083. However, considering bullish convergence condition in 4H MACD, firm break of 1.0435 will confirm short term bottoming, and turn bias back to the upside for stronger rebound.

Economic Indicators Update

GMT	CCY	EVENTS	ACT	F/C	PP	REV
23:50	JPY	Money Supply M2+CD Y/Y Dec	1.30%	1.20%	1.20%
07:00	GBP	CPI M/M Dec	0.30%	0.40%	0.10%
07:00	GBP	CPI Y/Y Dec	2.50%	2.70%	2.60%
07:00	GBP	Core CPI Y/Y Dec	3.20%	3.40%	3.50%
07:00	GBP	RPI M/M Dec	0.30%	0.70%	0.10%
07:00	GBP	RPI Y/Y Dec	3.50%	3.70%	3.60%
07:00	GBP	PPI Input M/M Dec	0.10%	0.20%	0.00%
07:00	GBP	PPI Input Y/Y Dec	-1.50%	-1.30%	-1.90%	-2.10%
07:00	GBP	PPI Output M/M Dec	0.10%	0.10%	0.30%	0.40%
07:00	GBP	PPI Output Y/Y Dec	0.10%	0%	-0.60%	-0.50%
07:00	GBP	PPI Core Output M/M Dec	0.00%		0.00%
07:00	GBP	PPI Core Output Y/Y Dec	1.50%		1.60%
10:00	EUR	Eurozone Industrial Production M/M Nov	0.20%	0.30%	0.00%	0.20%
13:30	CAD	Manufacturing Sales M/M Nov	0.80%	0.50%	2.10%	1.30%
13:30	CAD	Wholesale Sales M/M Nov	-0.20%	-0.70%	1.00%
13:30	USD	CPI M/M Dec	0.40%	0.30%	0.30%
13:30	USD	CPI Y/Y Dec	2.90%	2.90%	2.70%
13:30	USD	CPI Core M/M Dec	0.20%	0.20%	0.30%
13:30	USD	CPI Core Y/Y Dec	3.20%	3.30%	3.30%
13:30	USD	Empire State Manufacturing Jan	-12.6	-1.8	0.2
15:30	USD	Crude Oil Inventories		-1.0M	-1.0M
19:00	USD	Fed’s Beige Book

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January 15, 2025

Greenback Holds Ground After Slight PPI Miss, Sterling Weakens Again as Gilt Yields Eye 5%

Dollar is holding steady against its peers in early U.S. trading, with softer-than-expected PPI report failing to trigger significant selling pressure. Market sentiment continues to shift toward the possibility that the Fed might refrain from additional rate cuts in 2025. Fed funds futures are currently pricing in less than 60% probability of a 25bps rate reduction in the first half of the year.

Attention now turns to Tuesday’s U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) data, which is anticipated to be a more significant indicator of inflationary trends and policy direction. Currently, the market expects a significant interest rate differential of 200-300 basis points between Fed and ECB by the terminal point of the currency easing cycle. Should domestic inflationary pressures in the US show any signs of resurgence, this differential could skew further toward the higher end of the range, solidifying Dollar strength.

Meanwhile, the Pound continues to bear the brunt of market concerns over the UK’s fiscal health. The relentless selloff in UK government bonds drove 10-year Gilt yield to above 4.9%, with a break above 5% psychological barrier appearing increasingly imminent. Such a move could intensify the downward pressure on Sterling, which is already grappling with domestic economic challenges. The UK is bracing for a pivotal week, with CPI data scheduled for Wednesday and GDP figures following on Thursday. These releases could determine whether the Pound can stabilize or face further deterioration.

On the weekly leaderboard, Sterling is the worst performer so far, followed by Yen and Dollar. Kiwi leads the pack with Aussie and Loonie close behind. Euro and Swiss Franc remain in middle positions.

In Europe, at the time of writing, FTSE is down -0.13%. DAX is up 0.83%. CAC is up 0.86%. UK 10-year yield is down -0.004 at 4.887. Germany 10-year yield is up 0022 at 2.617. Earlier in Asia, Nikkei fell -1.83%. Hong Kong HSI rose 1.83%. China Shanghai SSE rose 2.54%. Singapore Strait Times fell -0.08%. Japan 10-year JGB yield rose 0.0319 to 1.244.

US PPI rises 0.2% mom, 3.3% yoy in Dec, miss expectations

US producer prices rose modestly in December, with PPI for final demand increasing by 0.2% mom, falling short of market expectations of 0.3%. The gain was driven primarily by 0.6% mom increase in goods prices, which included a sharp 3.5% rise in energy costs.

In contrast, prices for services remained flat. Excluding the more volatile components of food and energy, core PPI was unchanged for the month, missing the anticipated 0.2% mom increase.

On an annual basis, headline PPI edged higher from 3.0% to 3.3% yoy, narrowly below the forecast of 3.4% yoy. Core PPI, excluding food and energy, rose from 3.4% to 3.5% yoy, also underwhelming expectations of 3.8% yoy.

BoJ’s Himino signals rate hike possible in upcoming meeting

In remarks today, BoJ Deputy Governor Ryozo Himino signaled that a rate hike remains a tangible possibility at the upcoming policy meeting. He said the board “will discuss whether to raise interest rates next week, base its decision on thee projections detailed in the quarterly outlook report.

Himino stated, “When the appropriate timing comes, we must shift policy without delay, as the effect of monetary policy is said to show up with a lag of one to one-and-a-half years.”

The Deputy Governor clarified that BoJ does not rely on a predefined “checklist” for rate decisions. Instead, the board intends to thoroughly analyze the economic outlook and inflation expectations to determine the next steps.

Australian Westpac consumer sentiment dips again, RBA easing unlikely before May

Australia’s Westpac Consumer Sentiment fell -0.7% mom in January, settling at 92.1, reflecting a second consecutive decline. However, Westpac noted a divergence within the data: current conditions sub-indexes weakened, while forward-looking measures were flat or showed slight gains.

RBA faces a mixed picture as it prepares for its next policy meeting on February 17–18. While the central bank appears increasingly confident about bringing inflation back within its 2–3% target range, labor market “stopped easing” in the latter half of 2024 and subdued consumer surveys highlighted “mixed signals”.

According to Westpac, RBA is likely to keep interest rates unchanged in February, with an easing cycle more probable to commence in May.

GBP/USD Mid-Day Outlook

Daily Pivots: (S1) 1.2131; (P) 1.2172; (R1) 1.2244; More…

Intraday bias in GBP/USD remains neutral as consolidations continue above 1.2099 temporary low. While stronger recovery cannot be ruled out, outlook will stay bearish as long as 1.2486 support turned resistance holds. Break of 1.2099 will resume the decline from 1.3433 to 100% projection of 1.3433 to 1.2486 from 1.2810 at 1.1863.

In the bigger picture, rise from 1.0351 (2022 low) should have already completed at 1.3433, and the trend has reversed. Further fall is now expected as long as 1.2810 resistance holds. Deeper decline should be seen to 61.8% retracement of 1.0351 to 1.3433 at 1.1528, even as a corrective move.

Economic Indicators Update

GMT	CCY	EVENTS	ACT	F/C	PP	REV
23:30	AUD	Westpac Consumer Confidence Jan	-0.70%		-2%
23:50	JPY	Bank Lending Y/Y Dec	3.10%	3.10%	3.00%	2.90%
23:50	JPY	Current Account (JPY) Nov	3.03T	2.59T	2.41T
05:00	JPY	Eco Watchers Survey: Current Dec	49.9	49.6	49.4
11:00	USD	NFIB Business Optimism Index Dec	105.1	100.8	101.7
13:30	USD	PPI M/M Dec	0.20%	0.30%	0.40%
13:30	USD	PPI Y/Y Dec	3.30%	3.40%	3.00%
13:30	USD	PPI Core M/M Dec	0.00%	0.20%	0.20%
13:30	USD	PPI Core Y/Y Dec	3.50%	3.80%	3.40%

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January 14, 2025

Sterling Slumps Further as UK Bond Yields Hit Multi-Decade Highs

Sterling’s selloff continues today as UK government bond yields surged to new highs, underlining deep market concerns over the nation’s fiscal outlook. 10-year Gilt yield breached 4.8%, a level not seen in 17 years, while 30-year yield climbed past 5.4%, marking its highest point in 27 years.

At the core of this crisis are doubts about the government’s ability to meet its fiscal targets without resorting to higher taxes or additional spending cuts. Prime Minister Keir Starmer reaffirmed his commitment to the government’s fiscal rules, but his sidestepping of questions about austerity measures did little to calm investor nerves.

Meanwhile, Chancellor Rachel Reeves is facing scrutiny for her economic strategies—although Starmer offered unwavering support, calling her performance “fantastic.” Traders appear unconvinced, with concerns that rising debt-servicing costs could strain public finances and weigh on the Pound for some time.

Sterling will undergo crucial tests this week with the release of CPI data on Wednesday, followed by GDP figures on Thursday. While traders keep an eye on inflationary trends, a disappointing GDP print could intensify the bearish pressure on the currency. Many analysts worry that further signs of subdued economic growth, especially after the Autumn budget, could deepen the negative spiral surrounding the Pound’s outlook.

Euro, too, faced pressure today as ECB officials reaffirmed their commitment to a gradual path of monetary easing. With Fed now expected to deliver only one—or potentially zero—rate cuts in 2025, the widening rate differential is undercutting Euro. However, the single currency found some support against Sterling and Swiss Franc, helped by ECB Chief Economist Philip Lane’s call for a “middle path” on rate decisions, that’s ” neither too aggressive nor too cautious.”

Overall in the markets, Yen emerged as the strongest performer of the day, buoyed by risk aversion, despite rising yields in the US and Europe. Canadian Dollar and Aussie also posted gains. Meanwhile, Dollar and Kiwi maintained middle-ground positions, leaving the Swiss Franc, Euro, and Sterling as the weakest currencies, with the latter suffering the steepest declines due to heightened fiscal and economic concerns.

Technically, EUR/CHF recovered ahead of 0.9329 support today, as sideway trading from 0.9440 continues. Further rise remains in favor through 0.9440 in the near term. Though strong resistance is expected from 38.2% retracement of 0.9928 to 0.9204 at 0.9481 to limit upside. Firm break of 0.9329, however, will indicate that the corrective rebound from 0.9204 has already completed.

In Europe, at the time of writing, FTSE is down -0.66%. DAX is down -0.64%. CAC is down -0.60%. UK 10-year yield is up 0.0039 at 4.847. Germany 10-year yield is up 0.0089 at 2.582. Earlier in Asia, Japan was on holiday. Hong Kong HSI fell -1.00%. China Shanghai SSE fell -0.25%. Singapore Strait Times fell -0.26%.

ECB’s Lane stresses the need for “middle path” on interest rates

ECB Chief Economist Philip Lane, in an interview with Der Standard, highlighted that a “middle path” is essential to achieving the inflation target without stifling economic growth or allowing inflationary pressures to persist.

Lane warned that if interest rates fall too quickly, it could undermine efforts to bring services inflation under control. On the other hand, keeping rates too high for too long risks that inflation could “materially fall below target”.

“We think inflation pressure will continue to ease this year,” Lane stated, while adding that wage increases in 2025 are expected to moderate significantly, which could contribute to a softer inflationary environment.

While acknowledging that the overall direction of monetary policy is clear, Lane underlined the complexities of striking the right balance of “being neither too aggressive nor too cautious.”

ECB’s Vujcic: Gradual rate cuts justified amid elevated uncertainty

Croatian ECB Governing Council member Boris Vujcic emphasized a cautious and deliberate approach to monetary policy adjustments during comments to Econostream Media.

Vujcic stated that any acceleration in the pace of rate cuts would require a “significant departure” from the current economic projections, which he noted were being met by ongoing developments.

“In circumstances where uncertainties are still elevated,” Vujcic explained, “it’s better to move gradually, and this is what we’re doing.”

Vujcic also highlighted the ECB’s independence from other central banks, including the Fed. “We are not dependent on the Fed or any other central bank,” he remarked.

His comments lent support to current market expectations for ECB’s policy path, which he described as “justified” in the near term.

ECB’s Rehn: Restrictive monetary policy to end latest by mid-summer

Finnish ECB Governing Council member Olli Rehn reaffirmed the central bank’s commitment to easing monetary policy as disinflation remains on track and the region faces a weakening growth outlook. Speaking with Bloomberg TV, Rehn stated that it “makes sense to continue rate cuts.”

Rehn projected that ECB is likely to exit restrictive monetary territory “sometime in the spring-winter,” a timeline he clarified could range from January to June in Finland’s seasonal context.

He added, “I would say at the latest by midsummer, we should have left restrictive territory.”

Rehn also emphasized ECB’s independence in policy decisions, distancing it from the Fed’s approach.

“The ECB is not the 13th federal district of the Federal Reserve System,” he noted, reinforcing that the bank’s decisions are guided solely by its mandate to maintain price stability within the Eurozone.

China’s monthly trade surplus soars to USD 104.8B as exports jumps 10.7% yoy

China’s trade data for December delivered a solid performance, reflecting resilience in exports and a surprising recovery in imports.

Exports surged 10.7% yoy, significantly outpacing the 7.3% yoy expected growth and accelerating from November’s 6.7%.

Shipments to major markets rose sharply, with exports to the US jumping 18.9% yoy, ASEAN by 15.6% yoy, and the EU by 8.7% yoy. Some analysts highlighted that front-loading ahead of the Lunar New Year and trade policy shifts under Donald Trump’s incoming administration likely bolstered the month’s figures.

Imports grew 1.0% yoy, defying expectations of a -1.5% yoy decline and marking a rebound after consecutive contractions of -3.9% yoy in November and -2.3% yoy in October. This recovery was driven in part by increased purchases of commodities like copper and iron ore, with importers potentially capitalizing on lower prices.

Regionally, imports from the US rose by 2.6% yoy, while ASEAN imports grew 5.4% yoy. However, imports from the EU fell by -4.9% yoy.

Trade surplus widened from USD 97.4B in November to USD 104.8B in December, surpassing expectations of USD 100B.

Looking ahead, markets will closely monitor China’s upcoming GDP figures, due for release on Friday. Expectations are for fourth-quarter growth to clock in at 5.0% yoy.

GBP/USD Mid-Day Outlook

Daily Pivots: (S1) 1.2160; (P) 1.2241; (R1) 1.2291; More…

Intraday bias in GBP/USD remains on the downside for the moment. Current decline from 1.3433 is in progress for 100% projection of 1.3433 to 1.2486 from 1.2810 at 1.1863. On the upside, break of 1.2321 minor resistance will turn intraday bias neutral first. But risk will stay on the downside as long as 1.2486 support turned resistance holds, in case of recovery.

Economic Indicators Update

GMT	CCY	EVENTS	ACT	F/C	PP
21:45	NZD	Building Permits M/M Nov	5.30%		-5.20%
00:00	AUD	TD-MI Inflation Gauge M/M Dec	0.60%		0.20%
03:00	CNY	Trade Balance (USD) Dec	104.8B	100.0B	97.4B
08:00	CHF	SECO Consumer Climate	-30	-38	-37

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January 13, 2025

Dollar Gains Momentum as Fed Cuts Come Into Question

The US markets last week were shaped by two dominant themes: uncertainty surrounding trade policies of the incoming US administration and the impact of robust US economic data. Initial market confusion, driven by ambiguous signals regarding tariffs, created significant volatility. However, this indecisiveness gave way to clarity as strong US data reaffirmed the resilience of the economy, casting doubt on the likelihood of more Fed rate cuts in 2025.

US Treasury yields surged as markets recalibrated their expectations for Fed policy, while equities faced notable selling pressure. This dual development provided a substantial boost to Dollar, which ended the week broadly higher. While some traders remain cautious, wary of surprises tied to US political developments, the Dollar’s upward momentum appears poised to persist, supported by the hawkish shift in Fed expectations and strong macroeconomic fundamentals.

Across the Atlantic, Sterling faced intense pressure, falling sharply as concerns over fiscal de-anchoring took center stage. Rising UK gilt yields, coupled with a weakening Pound, highlighted fears of a negative spiral for the UK’s fiscal health. Investors are increasingly concerned that higher borrowing costs could exacerbate fiscal imbalances, particularly in an environment of tepid growth and stagflationary risks. Sterling’s underperformance made it the worst performer among major currencies.

Elsewhere, Canadian Dollar emerged as the strongest currency of the week, but only for consolidating recent losses. Yen followed Dollar as the third strongest, benefiting from a late-week risk-off environment. On the other hand, Aussie and Kiwi, reflecting their risk-sensitive nature, were among the weakest performers. Euro and Swiss Franc ended in middle positions.

Fed Pause to Extend, Rate Cuts in 2025 Less Certain, Hike Risks Emerge?

Dollar and US Treasury yields soared last week, while equities took a hit, as a new idea gained traction: Fed might refrain from any rate cuts in 2025. This shift in market sentiment emerged after several catalysts converged, including robust employment data, jump in inflation expectations, and public remarks from key Fed officials. Traders are now rethinking their scenarios for the months ahead, pricing in the possibility that the central bank will remain on hold longer than previously thought.

Driving the narrative is the unexpectedly strong December non-farm payroll report. Employers added 256k new jobs, surpassing consensus forecasts of 150k and even outpacing the monthly average of 186k for 2024. Unemployment rate dipped back to 4.1%, reinforcing the view that the labor market is in solid shape.

These data points suggest not only a healthy labor market but also reacceleration in hiring after last year’s elections, bolstered by expectations of pro-business policies under the incoming Trump administration. If these dynamics persist, the labor market could tighten further, reigniting inflationary pressures. The timing of these numbers matters greatly too, as they have arrived just as the market was anticipating a more tempered economy heading into 2025.

Another factor reshaping investor expectations is the January University of Michigan survey, which revealed a marked rise in inflation expectations. One-year inflation forecasts jumped from 2.8% to 3.3%, the highest since May, while long-run expectations climbed to 3.3%, not seen since June 2008. These developments highlight a growing concern that inflation could move beyond Fed’s comfort zone, especially with additional fiscal and trade policies fueling price pressures ahead.

In parallel, the incoming Trump administration’s policy stance, in particular on trade, adds more complexity. While the president-elect denied reports of a shift to sector-specific tariffs out of concerns over political backslash, subsequent speculation about declaring a national economic emergency to justify tariffs has left markets unsettled.

It should be emphasized that these scenarios are not mutually exclusive. Trump could still use emergency powers to target specific sectors or countries. This uncertainty is likely to persist at least until his inauguration on January 20.

Looking at Fed, three key takeaways have taken form. First, a pause in January appears virtually locked in, with robust data and upbeat official commentary reinforcing the case for no immediate move. Second, markets are now leaning toward the next cut being postponed until May, representing a prolonged window of inactivity. Third, there is a growing notion that Fed could deliver just one cut in 2025 or potentially none at all, should inflation remain elevated and growth hold steady.

Meanwhile, central bank communication has echoed these changing expectations. Former rate-cut proponents at Fed have begun to indicate growing consensus that policy easing may be nearing an end. However, it should be clarified that Fed Governor Michelle Bowman described December’s cut as the “final step” in the “recalibration” process only. She stopped short of declaring an outright end to the cycle. Still, Bowman’s words imply that a higher threshold for further reductions is now in play.

Adding to the hawkish tilt, analysts from Bank of America have raised the possibility of a Fed rate hike rather than additional cuts. Such a scenario isn’t the baseline, given that policies are still restrictive, despite being close to neutral. Fed appears content to let existing policy restrictions work their way through the economy for now.

However, significant acceleration in core inflation—particularly if it exceeds 3%—could force Fed policymakers to reconsider their stance. But then the bar for a hike is also high.

DOW Correction Deepens, 10-Year Yield and Dollar Index Power Up

Technically, DOW’s correction started to take sharp as the decline from 45703.63 resumed last week. Two near term bearish signal emerged recently, rejection by 55 D EMA and break of rising channel support.

Further fall is expected as long as 55 D EMA (now at 43504.46) holds, targeting 38.2% retracement of 32327.20 to 45073.63 at 40204.49. Nevertheless, this decline is seen as correcting the rise from 32327.20 only. Hence strong support should be seen from 40204.49 which is close to 40k psychological level, to contain downside.

Also, the broader US equity markets remain relatively resilient, with S&P 500 and NASDAQ hold well above support levels at 5669.67 and 18671.06, respectively. These two levels will need to be decisively broken to confirm broader medium-term corrections. Without such breaks, the overall market appears to be in a sideways consolidation phase, with DOW underperforming.

10-year yield’s rally from 3.603 reaccelerated last week and powered through 61.8% projection of 3.603 to 4.505 from 4.126 at 4.683. Further rally is now expected in the near term to 4.997 high. And possibly further to 100% projection at 5.028. In any case, near term outlook will remain bullish as long as 4.517 support holds during any pullbacks.

The bigger picture in 10-year yield still suggests that up trend from 0.398 (2020 low) is ready to resume. Consolidations from 4.997 (2023 high) should have completed at 3.603 already.

It may still be a bit early, but this bullish medium term scenario is getting closer. Firm break of 4.997 will target 38.2% projection of 0.398 to 4.997 from 3.603 at 5.359.

Dollar Index’s rally from 100.15 continued last week and remains on track to 61.8% projection of 100.15 to 108.87 from 105.42 near term target. Decisive break there will target 100% projection at 113.34. In any case, near term outlook will stay bullish as long as 107.73 support holds.

In the bigger picture, Dollar index now looks on track to retest 114.77 key resistance (2022 high). But more importantly, considering the strong support from rising 55 M EMA, it might also be ready to resume the long term up trend from 70.69 (2008 low), with its sight on 61.8% projection of 89.20 to 114.77 from 100.15 at 115.95.

Fiscal De-anchoring Fears Send UK Bond Yields Soaring, Pound Plunging

The UK also found itself at the center of market attention last week, with 10-year Gilt yield surging to its highest level since 2008. At the same time, Sterling sank to a more-than-one-year low against Dollar.

The simultaneous rise in bond yields and depreciation of the currency has raised alarm bells, as some analysts interpret it as a sign of fiscal de-anchoring. In this scenario, higher yields push up borrowing costs, compounding fiscal worries and creating a negative feedback loop.

Investors have increasingly voiced concern about stagflationary environment in the UK, marked by both subdued economic growth and rising inflationary pressures. The Autumn Budget, with its array of tax and fiscal measures—including an increase in employers’ national insurance contributions—appears to have hindered economic activity to a greater extent than initially expected.

Comparisons to the “Truss Crisis” of 2022 have naturally emerged. Back then, the mini-budget proposed by Prime Minister Liz Truss and Chancellor Kwasi Kwarteng triggered a dramatic collapse in Sterling from 1.16 to 1.05 against Dollar, alongside a sudden spike in Gilt yields. Those moves, however, were entirely reversed within a few weeks once both the Chancellor and Truss resigned, paving the way for a change in policy direction.

The scope of last week’s market shifts is notably smaller by comparison, providing a measure of reassurance that the current situation may not descend into a repeat of that crisis. Nonetheless, market sentiment appears less likely to stabilize quickly this time, as there is no indication of immediate change in key government positions.

Prime Minister Keir Starmer and Chancellor of the Exchequer Rachel Reeves are expected to remain in office despite the current headwinds, which differs markedly from the abrupt reshuffling seen in 2022. Without a rapid pivot in fiscal policy, the overhang of higher borrowing costs and fragile investor confidence could persist, prolonging downward pressure on Sterling and upward pressure on bond yields.

The confluence of looming stagflation, renewed fiscal anxieties, and limited policy flexibility casts a shadow over Sterling’s outlook. Where the pound plummeted sharply during the Truss episode—only to bounce back swiftly—the new environment suggests a more gradual but persistent decline.

Technically, with last week’s strong rally, EUR/GBP’s is now back on 0.8446 resistance, which is close to 55 W EMA (now at 0.8444). Decisive break there will firstly confirm medium term bottoming at 0.8221, after drawing support from 0.8201 (2022 low). Further rally should be seen to 0.8624 cluster resistance ( 38.2% retracement of 0.9267 to 0.8221 at 0.8621), even as a correction. Reactions from there would then decide whether the whole down trend from 0.9267 (2022 high) has reversed.

As for GBP/CHF, it has clearly struggled to sustain above flat 55 W EMA, which kept outlook neutral at best. Break of 1.1106 support will indicate that rebound from 1.0741 has completed, and deeper fall should be seen back to this support. More importantly, downside acceleration below 1.1106 will raise the chance that fall from 1.1675 is resuming the long term down trend, which could send GBP/CHF through 1.0741 to retest 1.0183 (2022 low) at least.

AUD/USD Weekly Report

AUD/USD’s break of 0.6169 key support level last week confirms larger down trend resumption. Initial bias stays on the downside this week for 61.8% projection of 0.6687 to 0.6198 from 0.6301 at 0.5999. For now, outlook will stay bearish as long as 0.6301 resistance holds, in case of recovery.

In the bigger picture, down trend from 0.8006 (2021 high) is resuming with break of 0.6169 (2022 low). Next medium term target is 61.8% projection of 0.8006 to 0.6169 from 0.6941 at 0.5806, In any case, outlook will stay bearish as long as 55 W EMA (now at 0.6587) holds.

In the long term picture, prior rejection by 55 M EMA (now at 0.6846) is taken as a bearish signal. But for now, fall from 0.8006 is still seen as the second leg of the corrective pattern from 0.5506 long term bottom (2020 low). Hence, in case of deeper fall, strong support should emerge above 0.5506 to contain downside to bring reversal. However, this view is subject to adjustment if current decline accelerates further.

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January 11, 2025